What are foot orthotics and how do they work are the two most frequently asked questions. A 'foot orthotic' can be defined as a device that supports, corrects or improves the movement of the foot.

Function - Foot orthotics have a multi functional role, they alter the feet's mechanics, they improve balance and they provide important proprioceptive feedback. Foot orthotics provide functional control, better joint positioning, which in turn improves muscle activity and efficiency.

Construction - Bespoke (custom made) foot orthotics are manufactured in varying shapes and materials as well as designed for specific sports and activities. The three most commonly know types are;

• Rigid - Orthotics are usually made form carbon fiber and manufactured from a mould taken of the foot. They are very strong and exert lots of forces on the feet; they are very durable and very low profile. However, they provide poor shock absorption; they are usually very expensive and have little scope for alterations.

• Semi Rigid - Orthotics are usually made from EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) closed cell foam that is available in soft, medium or hard density. They are also strong and exert lots of forces on the feet; they provide better shock absorption, which can make them more comfortable to wear. They are mouldable, which enables them to be more adaptable for alterations, they have greater contact with the feet for better support and proprioception, however they take up more space in the footwear.

• Soft - Orthotics are usually made from open cell foams or silicone. These materials are not as strong and therefore not as durable, but they are considered to be the most comfortable. They provide a good deal of shock absorption and are easy to alter, however they are only mildly corrective, which makes them less supportive.

• Foot orthotics can be designed for specific sports such as running, skiing, golf, cycling.
• Foot orthotics can be designed for specific conditions such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis or general daily use.
• A foot orthotic prescription should always be reviewed every two years, as the pressures & forces going through the feet are constantly changing on a daily basis.
• Foot orthotics might not necessarily be transferable from footwear to footwear.
• The length of time foot orthotics are needed may vary from person to person.

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